ABSTRACT
Aims@#This study was aimed to screen indigenous medicinal plants for their antibacterial potential against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).@*Methodology and results@#Three indigenous plants (Nigella sativa, Zingiber officinale and Calotropis procera) and thymoquinone were screened for antibacterial activity against MRSA, isolated from septic wounds of patients admitted to Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Isolated bacteria were screened for methicillin and cefoxitin resistance by the Kirby-Bauer method, followed by mecA gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Confirmed MRSA was processed for antibacterial activity of plant extracts and thymoquinone followed by cytotoxicity assay of plant extract having least minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. Out of total samples (n=100), S. aureus (29%), MRSA (26%) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) (21.7%) isolates were recovered based on morphology, biochemical profile and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Nigella sativa showed the highest antibacterial activity (10.06 ± 6.53 mm) against MRSA followed by Z. officinale (4.06 ± 3.72 mm) and C. procera (3.65 ± 3.33 mm) in comparison to standard thymoquinone (17.93 ± 10.14 mm). The least MIC value recorded was for Z. officinale at 36.89 ± 3.75 μg/mL. Zingiber officinale was the most effective antibacterial agent, followed by N. sativa and C. procera and non-toxic for eukaryotic cells at all tested concentrations (1500 μg/mL to 2.92 μg/mL).@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#It was concluded that Z. officinale may be used as an effective alternative for treating septic wound infection in local or topical preparations. As pathogenic S. aureus is becoming life-threatening among antibiotic-resistant bacteria and traditional plants are in used for centuries to treat septic wound infections.
Subject(s)
Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
This study focused, for the first time, on the effect of ultrasonic features on the extraction efficiency of secondary metabolites in mustard seed cake (MSC). The nematostatic potential of sonicated seed cake was examined against the second-stage juveniles (J2s) of root-knot nematode,
ABSTRACT
Cataract is the most age related eye disease in most countries. Day care cataract surgery has increase rapidly, largely because of new surgical techniques to evaluate visual acuity and complications in patients having extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation on day care basis. Prospective study. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad. June 2009 to June 2012. Cataract patients who were operated on day care basis. During study period total 130 cases of senile cataract were operated on day care basis Their ages ranged from 38 years to 110 years with mean age of 70 years. Of these 130 cases 52 [40%] were males and 78 [60%] were females. During surgery routine extracapsuler cataract extraction with lens implantation was performed on all patients. Posterior capsular rent occurred in 6 [4.6%] cases during surgery. Posterior chamber IOL was implanted in 124 cases and anterior chamber IOL was implanted in 6 cases. Regarding post operative complications 4 [3.07%] cases reported with endophthalmitis.While 10 [7.6%] patients had striate keratopathy and 6 [4.6%] patients had residual lens matter. Iris prolapsed observed in 4 [4.6%] cases which was repositedon next day. Only 2 [1.5%] patients later on developed posterior capsular opacification.cystiod macular edema was noted in two patients [1.5%].Majority of patients [80.7%] regained useful vision of 6/36 or above on first post operative day. All patients were refracted after two months. After refraction the best corrected visual acuity of 6/6-6/12 was achieved in 80.7% of cases, 15.3% had visual acuity of 6/18- 6/36 and poor visual acuity of 6/60 or less was noted in only 3.8% patients. Day surgery is one of modality to treat age related cataract. This study show that clinical outcome is not effected by outpatient surgery and there was no any complication that could be attributed to day surgery. So day surgery should be done on priority basis especially by experts surgeons and in patients surgery should be done only in selected cases
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cataract Extraction , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
The increasing popularity of phacoemulsificalion in restoring good visual acuity has also led to an increase in the incidence of its complications like nucleus drop during the procedure. Proper management of such patients not only reduces intravitreal lens fragments related complications but also significantly improves the visual acuity. To evaluate the clinical features of the eye with retained Intravitreal lens fragments after the phacoemulsification surgery. We also aimed to investigate the incidence of cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, suprachoridal hemorrhage and any other complication in patients after pars plana vitrectomy for retained intravitreal lens fragments. This study was carried out at the department of ophthalmology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. The duration of study was one year 17-05-2004 to 28-04-2005. Descriptive prospective. The reported frequency of dislocated lens material at 0.3% is quiet low. Despite LGH being a referral center for retinal diseases, dropped nuclei and nuclear fragments constitute a very small fraction of the referred cases. Therefore the study was limited to 15 cases only so that it could be completed within specified period. 15 eyes having retained lens matter after phacoemulsification surgery were included. Aphakia was present in 10[66.75%] patients. 5 [33.4%] patients were pseudophakic. Raised intraocular pressure was found in 11 [73.4%] patients, cornea edema in 7 [46.7%], uveitis in 6 [40%] patients. Two [13.4%] patients had retinal detachment at presentation. The range of visual acuity way perception and projection of light to counting fingers in 9 eyes [60%], 2/60-6/60 in 5 eyes [33.4%]. 6/24 in 1 [6.64%] eye preoperatively. After vitrectomy, range of visual acuity was 6/9 to 6/18 in 9 patients [60%] and 6/24-6/60 in 6 patients [40%]. The comparison of pre-operative visual acuity and that of last follow-up showed p<0.01 [statistically highly significant]. Intraocular pressure was raised in only 2 patients [13.3%]. No patient developed retinal detachment. Cystoid macular edema was found in only 2 patients [13.4%].No patient developed significant intraocular inflammation after vitrectomy. Patients having retained intravitreal lens fragments presented with raised intraocular pressure, reduced visual acuity, uveitis and retinal detachment. In such patients combined pars plana vitrectomy and secondary intraocular lens implantation reduced the risk of postoperative complications including secondary glaucoma, uveilis and helped in restoration of useful visual acuity